Information Literacy

ADDIE

A commonly used, basic model of instructional design is the ADDIE model

Analysis Phase

In the analysis phase, instructional problem is clarified, the instructional goals and objectives are established and the learning environment and learner’s existing knowledge and skills are identified. Below are some of the questions that are addressed during the analysis phase:

* Who is the audience and their characteristics?
* Identify the new behavioral outcome?
* What types of learning constraints exist?
* What are the delivery options?
* What are the online pedagogical considerations?
* What is the timeline for project completion?

In this phase of designing an information literacy session, the librarian consults with the faculty member regarding the specific writing/research assignment requirements, the instructional needs and desired outcomes, how much class time the IL lesson can consume etc. The librarian should also analyze the course syllabus to understand how the assignment fits into the overall class SLOs.

Design Phase

The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises, content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection. The design phase should be systematic and specific. Systematic means a logical, orderly method of identifying, developing and evaluating a set of planned strategies targeted for attaining the project’s goals. Specific means each element of the instructional design plan needs to be executed with attention to details.

These are steps used for the design phase:

* Documentation of the project’s instructional, visual and technical design strategy
* Apply instructional strategies according to the intended behavioral outcomes by domain (cognitive, affective, psychomotor).
* Create storyboards
* Design the user interface and user experience
* Prototype creation
* Apply visual design (graphic design)

In this phase of designing an information literacy session, the librarian identifies if the instruction will be synchronous or asynchronous; they identify appropriate delivery tools; they identify appropriate active learning exercises for the learning outcomes; and they create a lesson outline.

Development Phase

The development phase is where the librarian creates and tests the materials that were specified in the design phase.

Implementation Phase

During the implementation phase, the librarian delivers the instruction.

Evaluation Phase

The evaluation phase may consists of formative assessments - activities, questions, or other exercises during the IL session whose purpose is to make sure the students are grasping the material. It may also include a variety of summative assessments - formal, graded assessments to test student knowledge.

In the Analysis phase of designing an information literacy session, answer these questions:

1. What research skills does this assignment require?
2. Where will students be at in the research process during the time of the session?
3. What two or three learning outcomes am I going to focus on?
4. How can I incorporate storytelling into my lesson?
5. What is the deep structure I want students to learn in the session?
6. What active learning exercise would provide examples of the deep structure?

Cook, D. B., & Klipfel, K. M. (2015). How Do Our Students Learn? An Outline of a Cognitive Psychological Model for Information Literacy Instruction. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 55(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n1.34 Retrieved November 9, 2018 from: https://journals.ala.org/index.php/rusq/article/view/5797

When designing a lesson try to:

Incorporate Universal Design for Learning Principles: UDL can be divided into three main components: Multiple Means of Representation, Multiple Means of Engagement, and Multiple Means of Expression. In other words, try to ensure your lesson accommodates varying learning styles by giving students various ways to collect information, interact with it, and respond to it. You might use text, audio, graphics, and video to address preferred learning styles.